Set 7 — Read the Passage

📄 Passage

The Industrial Revolution, which __1__ in Britain during the latter half of the eighteenth century, transformed not only manufacturing processes but the very fabric of social organisation. The __2__ of agricultural labourers from rural areas to industrial centres created overcrowded, unsanitary urban settlements that became __3__ for disease and social unrest. Factory work imposed a new __4__ of time and labour — regulated by the clock rather than the seasons — along with gruelling conditions that prompted the first organised labour movements. Children and women were __5__ into factories under conditions that reformers condemned as little better than servitude. __6__ capitalism generated unprecedented wealth, it simultaneously produced a labouring class that toiled in poverty while the owners of capital __7__ the fruits of their productivity. This contradiction __8__ the theoretical basis for Marxist critique and continues to inform debates __9__ economic justice. The era is a reminder that technological progress, __10__ of social reform, can be as oppressive as it is liberating.